No More Guns

If you could invent something new, what product would you develop? Use specific details to explain why this invention is needed. Nowadays, most of people really need product that made their comfort or entertainment. If I could create something, I would like to invent solar car. It has many benefits to create because if people change a general car to be a solar car, the world would have more fuel; Expense would become less; the world would become a better place. Firstly, solar car does not need a fuel. In the future, if people still drive a general car, fuel would have no to find and then it would disappear to. Hence, solar car will is becoming essential for the future. Moreover, you can use money to pay for another thing instead of refilling a fuel. Thus, money in a bank will have more and more. Then, you can have money to use when the essential time will come. Finally, pollution will be lost because solar car not need a fuel to use. Unlike a general car that made air dirty. Air will become clean. Therefore, people will have a good health. Not only are good for the people but it also made the world become a better place. From the above, it is clear that why solar car will become important for people in the future. It is not use a fuel to be energy. It is saving your money to pay other things. Lastly, it is not too dangerous for human or nature.

Advertising AIDA Model

AIDA Model ATTENTION A = PAN-TASTIC OFFER FREE PIZZA INTEREST I = Hot Online 1 =RM 22 = Hot Online 2 = RM 29 = Hot Take-Away 1 = RM 19 = Hot Take-Away 2 = RM 26. 90 = Add RM 3 to upgrade to Supremes Pan Pizza DESIRE D = The image of delicious Pizza ACTION A = PIZZA HUT ONLINE ORDERING- www. pizzahut. com. my- = Halal Logo = Valid until 15 December 2011 ADVERTISER In Wichita, brothers Frank and Dan Carney opened the first Pizza Hut restaurant on June 15, 1958. They had been approached by the owner of a small building who wanted a nice neighbourhood business, and had read the Post's article about pizza.The Carneys borrowed $600 from their mother, located John Bender, an airman from McConnell Air Force Base who had worked as a pizza cook, purchased some secondhand equipment and were ready for business. The first night, they gave away pizza to interest potential customers. Many people ask how Pizza Hut got its name. When the Carneys were setting up that first restaurant, the building has a sign with room for just nine characters. They wanted to use â€Å"pizza† in the name, which left room for a word with only three characters. A family member suggested the uilding looked like a hut†¦. and Pizza Hut was born. 1959 :  Pizza Hut is incorporated and the first franchise unit opens in Topeka, Kansas. 1965 :  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Putt-Putt to Pizza Hut† musical jingle is developed for Pizza Hut's first television commercial. 1967 :  A Pizza Hut restaurant was built in five days by franchisees at the Oklahoma State Fair. World's largest pizza (six feet in diameter) is baked and served at the grand opening of the Fort Worth, Texas Pizza Hut. 1968 :  International market entered with the opening of the first Pizza Hut in Surrey, B. C. , Canada.Pizza Hut serves a million people a week at its 310 locations. 1977 :  Super Supreme is introduced. Pizza Hut opens its 3,000th unit in Arlington, Texas. 1980 :  Pan Pizza is introduced throughout the system. 1983 :  Personal Pan Pizza, with a five-minute guarantee, is introduced. Pizza Hut serves one and a half million pounds of pasta annually. Pizza Hut employs 10,000 teenagers from 16 to 19 years of age. 1984 :  BOOK IT! National reading incentive program is launched with 200,00 elementary students enrolled. 1988 :  Hand Tossed Traditional Pizza is introduced.Pizza Hut celebrates its 30th anniversary with a total of more than 6,000 restaurants and delivery units worldwide. 1990 :  Pizza Hut delivers more than 1,349,000 pizzas on Superbowl Sunday, about 7,000 pies per minute. 1995 :  Pizza Hut launches the â€Å"You'll Love The Stuff We're Made Of† campaign. Buffalo Wings soar onto the menu. Pizzeria Stuffed Crust Pizza is introduced which immediately sets company sales records. 1998 :  Surrey Place Pizza Hut celebrates its 30th year of business! ADVERTISING AGENCY Pizza Hut Hands Digital, Social Media to MartinE-commerce Business Goes to Huge Yum Brands' Pizza Hut has handed digital marketing and social media to its lead agency, Interpublic Group of Cos. ‘  Martin Agency. Sibling agency Huge has been tapped to handle Pizza Hut's e-commerce business. Both moves occurred without a review. Digital marketing was previously handled by Dallas-based indie agency IMC. The move to hand digital marketing and social media to Martin â€Å"was made to help fully integrate our digital and advertising initiatives,† according to a Pizza Hut spokesman.Huge, meanwhile, will be responsible for the pizza chain's online ordering site as well as setting overall e-commerce strategy. IMC's swan song for Pizza Hut were the recently released iPad and Android apps, as well as an updated iPhone app. Pizza Hut in 2009 launched the pizza category's first iPhone app, which has since been downloaded nearly 3 million times. The Pizza Hut spokesman said that Huge will simply â€Å"fine-tune† the online ordering platform, rather than revamp it. Pizza Hut in recent years has prioritized online ordering, as have rivals Papa John's and Domino's, making for a heated race to digital dominance.All three chains in the past have said that they hope to do about half of their business online. In April 2010 Pizza Hut had unveiled a simpler online ordering platform — customers can now order a pizza in two clicks — built by IMC and QuickOrder, Chicago. Papa John's was the first of the three big chains to offer online ordering, though Pizza Hut built industry-first ordering platforms for not only the iPhone but also Facebook, and Domino's made waves with its Pizza Tracker. Pizza Hut chief marketer Kurt Kane last year  pinned a sales turnaround on $10 pizzas and two-click ordering.Indeed, its 2010 U. S. same-store sales were up about 8%, although that growth was tempered by the chain's first-quarter 2011 earnings: U. S. same-store sales were down 3%. Pizza Hut in 2010 spent $217. 4 million on measured media spending, up 9. 7% from the prior year, according to Kantar. MEDIA The Marketing Communications Mix To ensure that our message manages to reach as much of the target audience as possible we have chosen to use the following communication approach. This approach uses a combination of advertising using two media forms, the internet and television.In accordance with the advertising, sales promotions and public relations will be carried out to hopefully guarantee the success of the campaign. Television The creation of television provided a new opportunity for widespread effective advertising. When viewing advertisements the public assesses what the advert conveys and how it conveys this message. This causes the public to evaluate aspects such as presentation, creative appeal as well as of course the message. Therefore due to impact that this powerful audio-visual tool can have on the audience, it is imperative that much consideration is given to the impression that is portrayed.One major benefit of television advertising is that it has a very high level of penetration. Statistics have shown that in the United Kingdom on average the public watches television for '28 hours per person per week' (Nationmaster, 2009). This therefore provides a lucrative possibility for many corporations. Due to the audio-visual possibilities that television advertising provides it gives the advertisers an opportunity to utilize the creative potential and fully portray the message desired which consequently helps the brand to achieve its aspired goals.For the television advertisement, a brand such as Pizza Hut should produce adverts that are creative and entertaining but also ensures that the core message is clearly communicated. The advertisement must be appealing to keep the attention of the audience to hopefully limit the effect that surrounding noise and distractions may have. There is a tendency of many consumers to directly link the credibility of a brand with the credibility of the medium, and television advertisi ng is perceived as a highly credible source to most audiences.Therefore the credibility of the Pizza Hut campaign has high chances of being enhanced if it associated with TV adverts. The television advertisement for the new campaign needs to be positively engaging on the emotional and psychological grounds. Our basic aim is to implement the pull strategy to create a demand for this new product category via the mass media. The target audience for the pizza hut campaign is the health conscious segment, but health consciousness is reflected in varied shades for different individuals, and this consideration is depicted in the television advertisement.The advertisement shows an ordinary British family consisting of a mother, a father and two teenagers; a son and a daughter. They are discussing what to have for dinner at the dining table. One option that is discussed is pizza, and it shows the four different perspectives of having pizza for dinner. The mother's standpoint is that pizza wo uldn't be suitable as it is unhealthy and lacks proper nutrients for the family, while the daughter's perspective is that she would have motivational conflicts due to the high calorie count and the diet she as been carrying out, the son also may have a similar negative perspective due an extensive work-out schedule that he has been keeping to and doesn't want to ruin and that father may be worried about blood pressure and cholesterol that are common with his age and therefore the consensus is not to order a pizza even though everyone would enjoy the experience. A pizza base appears magically on their table and tops itself up with all the healthy ingredients like vegetables/grilled lean whit meat/low fat cheese etc, which adds to the health quotient of a pizza.The advert now describes the complete new range of healthy Pizzas from Pizza Hut. This advertisement aims to appeal to its audiences through an emotional stance. Understanding a mother's basic instinct to ensure the family keep s healthy, understanding many teenager's insecurities as well as understanding the worries about health for the majority of the aging population. The psychological perspective of this advert would be that people are enjoying a pizza without experiencing cognitive dissonance.The advert would have a strong visual appeal to create the sense that it would be delicious and full of flavour, this would be carried out with visually appealing colours of the topping as well as the surrounding background of the advert. The slogan used for this advert is â€Å"Pizzas Just Got Healthier. † This is a clear, strong slogan and it also communicates the core idea of the whole advertising campaign in lucid, simple language which is easily retained by consumers. The slogan also is able to depict an image of the brand which cares about its customer's health through an product innovation.The sales promotion that is integrated into the campaign will be shown at the end of the advert with a change i n the tonal quality of the speaker, this is aimed at getting the audience to pay attention at the moment when the majority of the information is relayed. Refer to Appendix A for story board. The last but not the least the advert would be following the Association Guideline within â€Å"C4'S Golden Guidelines†; the television advertisement will be aired throughout a entertainment/comedy section, throughout the time period of 6pm to 8 pm.This time period would be a high reach period as it after school and work when more members of the family are at home. It would be most viable to relate the advert to the shared territory and common targeting aspect of the Association Guidelines. Internet Advertising The internet is described by many as a one of the most important inventions of the century. It has been a part of a major revolution in technological development worldwide. With the advent of web based advertising in 1994, it has become an extremely convenient method for many brand s to reach to the greater masses at a relatively lower cost in comparison to traditional media.The current generation is highly dependent on the internet, and therefore advertising online in the form of banner ads, button ads, pop ups are the smart and viable options for many reputed brands. Potter (1994) ‘estimates that web based marketing results in ten times the units sold at one tenth of the advertising budget, and that's one of the most important reasons to opt for an online advert. ‘ An added bonus also is that consumers have the option of watching the advert as many times as they wish and so are able to obtain all the information that the advert provides.The new Pizza Hut campaign focuses mainly on giving healthier alternatives when visiting Pizza Hut, mainly in the forms ‘Healthy Pizzas'. This should be highlighted clearly to the audience as this should create an interest that may cause possible customers to acquire more information about the campaign. Anot her rationale for using web based advertising is the higher chance of an instantaneous purchase, as long as there is a option of purchasing the product or service. This impulse purchase effect will occur especially with food producers such as Pizza Hut, as it satisfies a physiological need in Maslow's hierarchy of needs.To hopefully ensure a purchase it would be advisable for Pizza Hut to have an option of â€Å"Order Now† and a link to the website. Public Relations Harris (1998) indicates the ‘purpose of marketing PR is to gain awareness, stimulate sales, facilitate communication, and build relationships between consumers and companies and brands. ‘ This opportunity is an interesting prospect for Pizza Hut and alongside advertising may enable the campaign to reach more of the target audience.Pizza Hut can use its public relations agency to promote its products, services as well as its corporate identity. This is especially useful as the campaign is aiming for an image change, public relations will help communicate this change to many different groups of stakeholders. Corporate public relations is responsible for establishing understanding and trust with individuals who have a potential or actual interest in the organisation, (Kitchen, 1997). According to Gruning (1992), ‘corporate PR is the management of communication between an organisation and its publics. These may include health organisations, local businesses, local education authorities and potential customers along with many more groups. Pizza Hut can use and associate ‘the high credibility attached to this form of communication. ‘ (Fill et al, 2005) to create credibility and maintain the credibility of the brand. In order for Pizza Hut to be effective when carrying out its public relations, it will introduce newsletters informing the previously mentioned groups of what they are trying to do in its new health campaign.Pizza Hut could also evaluate the effectiveness of its public relations by offering readers the chance to comment on the company and any articles through the feedback form at the back of the newsletter. Pizza Hut has decided to put together an article with a major newspaper publisher about obesity levels and the new Pizza Hut healthy campaign. Public relations are often important at more of a corporate level and without this option Pizza Hut would struggle to be seen as a major food outlet. This can be seen as a form of publicity.Pizza Hut should also conduct a certain amount of public relations to its internal stakeholders such as staff and external stakeholders. Internally the employee magazine should be used and these cues should ‘develop images and perceptions' (Fill, 2005) in the mind of the stakeholders, internally as well as externally. Therefore the ability for public relations to reach a medium size audience and also portray a credible image indicates that Pizza Hut should be using PR as one of its communication to ols.It must not be ignored however that public relations is more effective when integrated with other communication tools. By combining such tools as advertising with public relations it is possible to gain full national coverage something that would not necessarily be possible with other communication tools. Sales Promotions The institute of sales promotion (2004) defines sales promotion as a ‘planned and implemented activity that both enhances product or service appeal and changes customer behaviour positively in return for an additional benefit for purchase or participation'. Yeshin, 2006) According to Yeshin (2006) sales promotion can function on three levels by communicating, catching the customer's attention at the point of purchase'(Yeshin, 2006) as well as providing extra information that may influence the purchase decision. Sales promotions can also provide an incentive by offering ‘some form of direct inducement, either immediate or delayed, which changed the p erceptual base of the purchasing decision. ‘ (Yeshin, 2006) Sales promotions can also advance the purchasing decision and ‘invite the consumer to engage in an immediate transaction. (Yeshin, 2006) Therefore there is a strong rationale for using sales promotions in the new Pizza Hut campaign. The ability to create a product trial and sampling is necessary aspect for the success of the campaign. Once attracting customers to try the new healthier pizza range, this hopefully will encourage repeat purchases and create a loyalty to the brand. Through this loyalty there will hopefully be an increase in frequency of purchase as well as different usage. The sales promotions that Pizza Hut are planning on integrating into the campaign are such as a grouping with ‘Innocent Smoothies. Innocent Smoothies is a good association with this campaign as it is a well known smoothie brand which is related heavily with being healthy and prides itself on only using ‘100% natural, h ealthy renewable ingredients. ‘ (Innocent Drinks, 2009) have also already had success with the health conscious target audience already and so will create added value in the mind of this audience. The promotion that Pizza Hut is running is a ‘Meal Deal' in which a choice of healthy pizzas accompanied with either an innocent smoothie or a side salad. This ‘Meal Deal' will be set at ? . 99. Through these promotions there will hopefully be an increase in market share due to brand switching. A pull strategy will occur in which consumer decides to choose Pizza Hut over competing brands. Unlike some other tools of marketing communication, which work over a longer term, sales promotion produces rapid results and return on investment is often substantial. However it will be used along side with other marketing communication tools for this campaign so as to bring about an integrated marketing communication approach. SUPPLIERS / VENDOR

Bilingual Education

In this peer reviewed journal article â€Å"A Speech Community Model of Bilingual Education: Educating Latino Newcomers in the USA† written by Ofelia Garcia and Lesley Bartlett the authors find a way to address the current problem of bilingual education in the US. They do so by conducting a qualitative case study at a segregated bilingual high school for Latino newcomers. They base their study off of a community high school in New York by the name of Gregorio Luperon High School. This specific school has a majority of Dominican students in a city with one of the highest drug and crime rates, however they were able to find success with their Speech Community Model of bilingual education for immigrant youth. The main key to this success was to â€Å"view second language acquisition as a social process building on the speech community itself, and not just as the primary individual process. † (Par. 1) Gregorio Luperon High School is a community high school located in Washington Heights, New York. The school opened back in 1991 when a group of Dominican immigrants joined together to find a way to make acquiring English an easier process for latino immigrant youth. They wanted a solution to the extremely high failure rates of latino youth in the New York City School systems. This school began as just a couple month program before students were put into main stream schools but eventually in 1999 turned into an actually high school. This school comes from a neighborhood that has a majority of Dominicans, as well as one of the highest city crime rates, right behind Harlem. This Schools instructors are also all highly qualified immigrant Dominicans who can relate and connect to their students on a whole different level. Bilingual Education is a topic that has never fully been supported across the US. According to the most recent numbers available from the U. S. Department of Education There were about 5 million students classified as â€Å"English language learners† in the 2009-2010 school year. These English learners are at a distinct disadvantage and are thrown into main stream schools without qualified 2 teachers to instruct them. There is very little consistency in these programs used to educate these students as well as many disagreements with states who favor the â€Å"English-only approach. † Gregorio Luperon High School in Washington Heights wanted better for their immigrant youth and found a better alternative method to acquire the language. This specific High School used a method which they chose to call the speech community model of bilingual education. They focus on macroacquisition; which is learning language on a larger scale. The three factors they choose to focus on that have shown to be the most important in acquiring a second language were; identifying with identity and culture, power structure influencing language and the roles the communities play in learning a language. In this study they conducted they focused on specific research questions The Research conducted by Garcia and Bartlett was taken from a qualitative case study where they introduced an alternative method to meet the needs of latino immigrant youth. In this research these specific questions were addressed; â€Å"How does the model of this school differ from and how is it similar to other models now offered for latino adolescents in the US? †,† What are the characteristics of this model that support newcomer latino youths education as well as their English learning language? † And â€Å"What are the limitations of this model This article written by Garcia and Bartlett point out the important aspects of this alternative model for bilingual education used and show how and why these unique methods are successful for these latino newcomers. In this speech community model used by the school they focused on seven main factors. They believed that these factors would be successful and would be able to make youth more comfortable speaking freely, help them identify and feel more comfortable with their identity as well as equalizing the power relations between English and Spanish. They believe these seven factors are responsible for their students passing the Regents Exam and graduating High School. These successful factors used are ; the absence of students who are native speakers of English, presence of native Spanish-speaking 3 latino teachers as the students models. Also the high status this school gives spanish and specific English language acquisition targets. They use bilingualism as their teaching strategy and use Spanish to educate rigorously and Spanish to connect deeply to each individual student. They conducted this study by observing and gathering data and used an analytic inductive approach. They wrote fieldnotes after each observation and interview and began to find connections to their hypothesis. The authors met together every three weeks to review the data collected and to discuss. From there they were able to form the seven characteristics mentioned earlier that they believed would make Luperon school successful in their mission of helping latino immigrants pass the Regents exam and graduate high school. Garcia and Bartlett did a very thorough job in providing enough information in their article for future professors, bilingual educators and linguists to comprehend. This article not only found a successful alternative method to acquiring english for latino newcomers but it also provided a in depth background of bilingual education being a issue as a whole. Bilingual Education is a hot topic today and many immigrants are being thrown into mainstream schools expecting to pick up English without the proper tools and guidance. Luperon however wanted better for their students. Luperon residing in an Latino community with many latino immigrants formed a program that allowed their students to not only feel comfortable with their culture and in their school settings but receive the skills to pass the Regents Exam and graduate high school. Regardless of the undeniable success that Luperon received in this program, I do believe their were limitations to this study conducted by Garcia and Bartlett. The first limitation of this study being the segregation of these students. Placing these students into this segregated high school may allow them to acquire what they need to graduate high school but what about after that? Passing the Regents Exam and graduating high school is just one small stepping stone they have reached compared to the 4 long journey they have ahead of them. Also by segregating these students the English they acquire is still limited and from what they gain being in this program they lose by not being around english native speakers. Is this english they acquired from this model enough to get them a job? Do any of these students continue their education and go to College? If they do get a job and continue their education is their English strong enough that they will succeed not only academically but in Society and in their Community? These are all questions I would have liked to see answered in this article written by Garcia and Bartlett. Some sort of paragraph where they addressed the â€Å"Aftermath† of this study. They did a great job focusing on the model and why and how it was successful and even what the success rates were but I wish they could have followed up a year or so later on students and found where they were at in life. Doing this I believe would have given the study more credibility, allowing me and other readers to see that this program did not just help the students over this school year but continued to carry on and help them succeed academically and in Society as well. Garcia and Bartlett provide the readers with a successful and alternative method into bilingual education. There is such little consistency in all the bilingual education programs provided all over the US, knowledge of a successful program like this can potentially be a huge step in a positive direction for this controversial topic. Just Simply incorporating some of the ideas that the authors suggested and used in their article can be beneficial for future teachers, linguists and policy makers. They believed that the main key to the success of this model was to view second language acquisition as more of a social process building on the speech community itself , and not just the primary individual process. They did this by choosing to focus on three important factors that seem to be ignored in all other bilingual programs around the US; identifying with identity and culture, power structure influencing language and the roles the communities play in learning a language. â€Å"This speech community model of the school provides the oxygen in the safe island these students need to learn and succeed socially and 5 academically. † This is a program that hopefully can be adapted by schools all around the US, to give the immigrants a chance to succeed not only academically but socially as well.

The Difference of Children's Life Between Past and Present Essay

The Difference of Children's Life Between Past and Present - Essay Example The physical activities helped them achieve very strong and muscular physique. Contrary to that, children of the present age have almost no time for outdoor physical activities. The schooling system is so advanced that children find very little time for enjoyment and relaxation. Therefore when they do get some time, they tend to surf the Internet or play video games. Even during the major portion of the day when they are studying, they are constantly using computers and the Internet because the contemporary educational system heavily depends upon the use of technology. As a result of this, children of the present age gain weight because of sitting for hours and hours continuously. Most children of the present age are either overweight or obese whereas others are too skinny. â€Å"Exercise is an important part of any daily regimen and diet, but it is even more critical for children† (Breedon). Very few children of the present age have a physique that is comparable to the childr en of the past. Children of the past were not very sharp. The main reason for this might be there lack of interaction with technology. Children of the past had seen very little world. They used to remain only in the city where they were born. They would play there, work there, and live there. They had very little information or knowledge about the world beyond what they had seen. Children of the present age are very sharp and intellectual. Again, the main reason for this is their interaction with technology. Computers and television have made it possible for the children of the present age to see the world beyond where they are and remain in constant contact with their friends abroad. This has made the children of the present age far more intellectual and informed as compared to the... This report approves that the changed lifestyle has had mixed effect on children. The positive and negative effects of the change on the children are almost equal. The positive effects of the changed lifestyle on children include increased intellectual skills and competence in the use of technology, expanded social network, availability of more opportunities of academic and professional growth. The negative effects of the changed lifestyle on children include but are not limited to increased consumption of junk food leading to many diseases including diabetes and obesity, increased number of teenage pregnancies, distance from the elders especially the grandparents emotionally as well as physically, reduced practice of religion, and increased susceptibility to violence and cybercrime. Modern age children are not very obedient. This paper makes a conclusion that lifestyle of the modern age children is so different from their lifestyle of the children of the past that the two have very rare common elements. From the standpoint of diet and physical activities, children of the past were much more privileged and advantaged as compared to the children of the present age. From the standpoint of intelligence and general knowledge, children of the present age are much more advantaged than the children of the past. Children of the past were emotionally closer to their elders than the children of the present age.

Irony in Silas Marner Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Irony in Silas Marner - Essay Example This paper illustrates that from the very start of the movie "Silas Marner" Silas feels sympathetic for the cobbler’s wife as she was suffering from the same disease which claimed Silas’ mother’s life. He prepares a herbal concoction and gives it to her which effectively cures her. Seeing this, the townsmen start believing that Sally possesses some special powers and they begin offering him money and silver to get treatment for various diseases. Turned down by Silas, the people start to fear his healing powers and limit their interaction with him. Therefore even though Silas cures Sally Oates, he finds himself in isolation because of his noble deed. Further, into the movie, we see the growing love of Eppie for Silas. Eppie loves Silas more than anything in the world and wanted to stay with him always. Godfrey was Eppie’s real father and together with Nancy, he wanted to have Eppie back with him; however Eppie had previously told Godfrey that she would neve r leave her ‘father’ and that’s where the irony lies because in reality she refuses to stay with his real father and prefers to stay with Silas who had given her love and affection. Dunstan Cass has been portrayed as a villain in the story. Throughout the movie, he is seen to be surrounded by evil and sin. He steals Silas Marner’s money, blackmails Godfrey and always appears to be motivated by greed and selfishness. He considers himself superior to others and constantly brags that whenever he falls, he lands upright. The irony lies in the fact that Dunstan suffers death in the way he has always bragged about. He falls into a stone pit and drowns. Irony also lies in the theme of Interdependence of Faith and Community. In the entire movie, we see faith and community closely linked with each other. The place where he lives, people share similar beliefs. Therefore when Silas loses his faith, we see him abandoned by the community as well. The faith of Silas in the Supreme Being has a close association with his faith in the society.

Behavioural Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Behavioural Finance - Essay Example It is very clear that some of the participants in the market do not make rational decisions which translate to mistakes. However, astute market players get the chance to capitalize on such mistakes. For instance, a rational investor can take the decision to buy when there is market crash resulting from speculative behavior (Mussweiller & Schneller, 2003, p. 124). Given a risk-adjusted basis, rational investors can beat market performance in a consistent manner. According to the perfect market hypothesis, prices reflect the full information about the market. This has the implication that an investor cannot beat the market unless he or she has inside information. A number of indices have been created with the aim of mimicking market performance. Research studies indicate that index funds account for almost 10 percent of the U.S. stock market capitalization and 60 percent of the money flowing into mutual funds. Despite the increasing euphoria towards passive management, there is active management which has enabled investors beat market bearing returns. Behavioral finance insists that investors are irrational in their decisions and that it is easy to partly predict future performance of stocks using their past performance. Careful analysis of the past trends of the tocks has the advantage of making it possible to outperform the market (Mulino, Scheelings, Brooks & Faff, 2009, p. 50). Rational investors can outperform because there exists inefficiencies in the capital market which create investment opportunities. Rational investors outperform the market because irrational investors often find themselves in the bottom part of the distribution pattern. There is some level of disconnection between stock performance and stock market valuation. The existence of irrational investors has resulted in the markets being driven by emotions rather than logic (Dreman, Johnson, MacGregor & Slovic, 2001, p. 127). However, research studies indicate that logic often triumphs over em otions. Irrational investors tend to lose while logic investors record gains. Most of the investors in the market do not bother to look at the fine details of their investment portfolios. Instead they look for information such as who are investing in the same portfolio and this has the negative effect of encouraging wrong decisions. There are a number of situations that a rational investor can exploit and record superior performance that the market. Theoretically, this is possible even though no investor has ever recorded consistent returns above market expectations (Statman, Fisher & Anginer, 2008). First, a rational investor can do a comprehensive homework and identify small cap stocks that in most cases are not well followed. Such stocks are often ignored by equity funds because of the fear of high risks associated with small companies. Furthermore, such companies are not well known in Wall Street and this makes it possible for most of the investors to ignore them (Caginalp, 2002 , p. 73). A rational investor can identify such companies and analyze their prospects for superior returns. The small cap firms have a potential of recording higher returns than the market because their true value has not been influenced by speculations. Second, the market sometimes overdoes its pessimism for a number of individual companies as well as certain sectors (Bruce, 2003, p. 125). The situation

Infantilization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Infantilization - Essay Example This was an act of extending the legacy that was set by the Sykes-Picot treaty whose main intention was allowing them to govern the Muslim nations from far (Russo, 2013). However, this move did not go well for both Obama and Cameron as their nations as well as other world leaders such as Russia outright rejected their intentions; consequently, the west still is in dilemma on what best to do with the case in Syria. The geographical regions of the Persian, Arab and Turkish world that were set in 1917 have little resemblance with the current situation. The collapse of Ottoman Turks 400-year rule left an impoverished and backward Egypt, Arabia and Syria in which the current Palestine was a Syrian province. In contrast, the Arab nations are draining the western world coffers with the sale of millions of oil barrels. This has given them an economic capability to purchase the most advanced weaponry that rivals that in the western countries, and this has made these nations from the era of th e Sykes-Picot treaty to be military upright. Consequently, it is not clear why the Arab nations cannot make use of these arms to topple the tyrannical and homicidal leader like Assad. This shows clearly that the western nations have over-extended their patronage to the level of moral infantilization. If indeed the photos of the gassed children were something concrete to go by, the same reaction would have been elicited in Cairo, Riyadh or Istanbul. The silence of the leaders in the Muslim world indicates differing approach to world conflicts, and the same has been echoed by Chinese and Russian nations when they advocated complacency in dealing with the Syrian allegations (Russo, 2013). The use of Tomahawk missiles would bring solution to a government under the threat of being toppled by rebel groups. It will only make the problem worse for a war ravaged and decimated country. The western countries should allow the Arab nations to speak and solve their problems independently as no mi litary intervention can address these issues. The whine of cruise missiles should not be used as a precautionary tactic by the west as this creates the need for the Arab worlds to arm themselves in readiness for retaliatory attacks. To overcome these tribulations, the Arab world has to develop a loud moral voice to silence the western nations, and in this way, they will be in charge of their destiny while achieving peaceful resolutions. After the death of Kim Jong II’s the western media displayed footages of people crying, which in a way was meant to be negative publicity since it was possible to show people praising his leadership. Thus showing the North Korea populace in emotional distress was just meant to further the infantilization of the nation. This has created a situation where the current regime appeals are to emotions of already infantilized people. This culture has helped North Korea to weather down the economic crisis and to improve the loyalty of its citizen (Kiv ima?ki, 2012). The North Korea media recently released stamps commemorating Kim Jong II former North Korean leader who would have turned 72 if he were still alive. The stamps showing the deceased leaders as a child indicated stern and creepy motives, and this move was part of a larger plan to continue infantilizing Kim after his death in the late 2011. In the same light, the state media has continued to play Kim’

Planning Law & Ethics in Michigan Avenue Corridor Assignment - 1

Planning Law & Ethics in Michigan Avenue Corridor - Assignment Example The council also aspires to maintain activities that are environmentally friendly to the Red Cedar River. For the purpose of tackling and solving the urban decay in an effective way, redevelopment will assume diverse forms in order to facilitate its redesign. The redevelopment project will put into consideration factors such as the conditions of the building and conditions of living ­. The redevelopment project must, however, put into consideration the regulations of Renewal Authority Ordinance (URA) that help structure owners go through both complicated and technical processes. This process of redevelopment aims at restructuring dilapidated and old buildings whose living conditions are poor. The process will replan and rebuild the Avenue sites to accomplish clear environmental as well as social benefits (Brandon 297). In addition, redevelopment plan also targets the available open spaces and facilities of the community. The URA will, in addition, carry out assembly of larger areas of land for comprehensive planning. The comprehensive planning would create room for the restructuring of open space, transport network and local roads. Consequently, the company will achieve proper and better utilization of land resources as well as improving overall Michigan district environment. Planning efforts has a purpose of engaging the Lancing region to define a unified vision for Michigan Avenue, also known as Grand Avenue Corridor. The project aspires to extend eastwards to the town of Webberville. The Red Cedar project has an estimation of $200 million dollars slated for both residential developments and business to revitalize former Red Cedar Golf Club. The process will also create great renovation along the Lansing and East Lansing Michigan Avenue in the area around US 127. The redevelopment project set to break ground will be an establishment across the street from Frandor.  

Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 9

Questions - Essay Example It cannot be described as sufficient in order to generate or even create changes with the impact that it has. As GREAT DOCS, eGov is just but the use of modern information as well as communication technologies that exists in public organizations with a bid to support or even redefine the existing or even future relations with key stakeholders in the external and internal environment and creating value. eGov might very useful when it comes to the formation of GREAT DOCS plans, actions and programs. This is because the eGOv will provide lines of creating ways in which there can be improvement of government efficiency as well as effectiveness. Further, there will be actions and programs that will be centered towards back office consolidations, the reduction of the number of duplicative systems as well as the general streamlining of the processes that exist in the government. This will give GREAT DOCS a head start as it will find it easier interacting with the government when it comes to the arranging of programs, actions and plans. Further, from a GREAT DOCS perspective, the time that is spend on the identification as well as the access to relevant information in regards to benefit programs that match GREAT DOCS specific needs is also catered for. eGov allows the local government or even the social service caseworkers to effectively identify as well as match alternative programs which can be said to stick to individual specific needs. Therefore, there is a need for the future CIO to take in mind the risks that come with eGOv, however, there is always a need to ensure that the company is strategically placed in terms of eGOv. This is because the GREAT DOCS initiative will sometimes need the intervention of eGOv and consequently there is a need for the future CIO to have a positive attitude with the initiative. (a) There are several goals and objectives that the government has when it comes to driving the process that is required in Capital planning

Counterfeit Medicine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Counterfeit Medicine - Essay Example Because of this demand pharmaceutical companies now face the problem of counterfeit medicine (Cockburn, p. 302). The World Health Organization and the US FDA estimates that ten percent (10%) of the medicines and drugs sold in the United States are counterfeit drugs. These drugs are known to be manufactured overseas, particularly in Asia or Africa where it is reported that the real drugs are being sold along side of the counterfeit ones. These counterfeit medicines when taken in may have serious health consequences. A lot of counterfeit medicines sold today are cheaper or almost the same price as that of the real medicine. This also makes them a competitor for legal pharmaceuticals. One of the serious health implications for ingesting these counterfeit drugs are the possible side effects not reported or present in real medicine. Counterfeit medicines are also known to contain little or a different drug ingredient that has not passed FDA approval (US FDA, para.3). The economic repercussion of having these fake drugs available is that legal pharmaceuticals are losing money. Fake drugs may look and have the same packaging, it is sometimes impossible for the average consumer to know which one is fake or counterfeit. Consumers or patients who get a hold of counterfeit medicine also lose money because they do not get the product that they have paid for, and the medicinal benefit of the drug. Add to that the possibility of getting hospitalized because of the adverse effects of the counterfeit drugs, or worse death (Hope, para. 2). The problem of counterfeit medicine has stemmed from the known income earnings of pharmaceutical companies and commercialism. Companies that are trying to outsell each other may try to get sourcing of their raw materials from third world countries and sometimes these medicines contain little or weak proportions of an active ingredient or worse a different

Investigating the Effects of Surface Area on the Rate of Reaction Essay Example for Free

Investigating the Effects of Surface Area on the Rate of Reaction Essay Aim: To study the effects of changing the surface area on the rate of a chemical reaction Hypothesis: This hypothesis is based on the Collision Theory, where in order to react, the two particles involved must: 1. Collide with each other 2. The collision must be energetic enough to overcome the activation energy of the reaction 3. The collision must bring the reactive parts of the molecule into contact the correct way – they must collide with appropriate geometry (the reactive parts) Considering that the surface area of a particle is a factor that mainly affects the collision rate of particles, it would be safe to assume that as the surface area increases, the reaction rate increases. The graph should turn out to be something like this: 1. the reaction is the fastest at the start 2. The reaction is slowing down here 3. No more product is formed Amount of product Time Variables: Variable Factor What is manipulated Dependent Time The time it takes for the reaction to complete depends on the surface area of the compounds being used, because it determines the rate in which the reaction will occur. Independent Volume of the gas collected (H2, CO2) The amount of gas collected for each experiment will depend on the Controlled 1. Mass of Calcium Carbonate (both marble chips and powdered form) 2. Mass of Magnesium (both ribbon and powder) 3. Volume of Hydrochloric Acid 4. Apparatus Used 1. The masses of the substances utilized will remain constantly fixed during the experiment 2. 50 cm3 of HCl will be used for every trial – 550 cm3 in total 3. The apparatus used will remain the same throughout the whole experiment Chemical Reactions: Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2 1. Magnesium ribbon 2. Hydrogen Gas will be the gas collected 1. 3 Trials will take place 1. Mass of Magnesium ribbon in: 1. Trial 1: 0.064 grams 2. Trial 2: 0.063 grams 3. Trial 3: 0.065 grams CaCO3 + 2HCl → CaCl2 + H2O + CO2 1. Marble Chips 2. Carbon Dioxide will be the gas collected 1. 2 Trials will take place 1. Mass of Marble Chips in: 1. Trial 1: 3.998 grams 2. Trial 2: 3.988 grams Na2CO3 + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H2O + CO2 1. Sodium Carbonate (Powdered) 2. Carbon Dioxide will be the gas collected 1. 2 Trials will take place 1. Mass of Sodium Carbonate 1. Trial 1: 0.504 grams 2. Trial 2: 0.505 grams Apparatus: 1. Eye-Protection – 1 pair of Safety Glasses 2. 1 pair of Scissors 3. 1 Electronic Scale 4. 1 Conical Flask (100cm3) 5. 1 Single-holed rubber bung and delivery tube to fit conical flask 6. 1 Measuring cylinder (100cm3) 7. Stopwatch Chemicals: 1. 12cm of Magnesium Ribbon 2. 550 cm3 of Hydrochloric Acid 3. Marble Chips 4. Sodium Carbonate (Powdered) Method: 1. Set up apparatus as shown 2. Fill the conical flask with 50cm3 of HCl 3. Insert the end of the syringe into the hole on top of the stopper 4. Add the magnesium ribbon 5. Seal the flask with a rubber stopper as quickly as you can, at the same time have someone else present to start the stop watch once the magnesium ribbon has been added to the hydrochloric acid 6. As the reaction takes place, note down the time it takes for the gas collected to reach a multiple of 5 (i.e. 5mL, 10mL †¦.50,55,60,65 etc) 7. Keep measuring until the reaction has stopped, or you are unable to measure anymore 8. Repeat each experiment 3 times, just to be sure the data collected is accurate 9. At step 4, replace the underlined compound with the next compound after one experiment is completed Conclusion Unfortunately I was unable to create a graph using time as the independent variable, because the lab that I had utilized did not have the equipment available to accurately to record the data if time were to be the independent variable. Another factor that played into my decision was the fact that the smallest calibration of the glass syringe I used was 5 cm3. Since the only visible measurements shown on the syringe were multiples of 5, it would only seem reasonable that I switch around the variables, making time the dependent variable, and the volume collected the independent variable, since I couldn’t exactly measure how much gas would be collected every 5 seconds; otherwise the relationship the graph would depict would be completely incorrect. As you can see on the graphs, the slightly steep slopes show when the reaction is the quickest, as it should be in the beginning. The curve shows the reaction slowing down, but unfortunately the curve continues. This is because the reaction is still taking place. I was unable to record the rest of the data because the measuring tools that were available weren’t able to record to such a high degree. In some cases though, like in the powdered sodium carbonate experiment, the reaction began so quickly that I wasn’t able to record the time in most cases, so I just stuck with those that I had managed to note down. In other cases, there were so many distractions in the lab that it was difficult to remain focused. My classmates kept removing some if the items that I was using. The idea was to see how the rate of reaction changed when the surface area of a substance was increased. Initially, my plan was to react magnesium ribbon and magnesium powder with 1 mole of Hydrochloric acid; so I could compare and contrast how the surface area of the substance affected the rate of reaction. I had planned to keep everything about the two substances the same. Its element, mass, the amount of Hydrochloric acid I was going to react with it; the only thing different would be its surface area. Unfortunately the Lab didn’t have any available. So I decided to do the same experiment to Calcium Carbonate, this time using marble chips and powdered calcium carbonate. To my dismay I found that the powdered calcium carbonate wasn’t reacting at all. So I had to change it to sodium carbonate. There is skepticism about using different elements, seeing as they have different orders of reactivity. These factors, including the concentration of the acid used, could also affect the rate of reaction. However, the same acid concentration was used for all experiments, in all trials; so we can dismiss that. However, sodium is much higher up the reactivity series than calcium, which is higher up the reactivity series than magnesium. This is the problem with this experiment; the elements positions in the reactivity series could have really altered the rate of reaction. However, the experiments still prove that when the surface area of a substance is increased, the rate of reaction increases as well. This happens because, when two substances react only the surface particles of the substances can come into direct contact with the reactant particles. Increasing a substance’s surface area, like turning big solid chunks of calcium carbonate into powder, leaves more solid particles available to react. The more particles available to react at one time, the faster the rate of the reaction. Like this: Only atoms on the surface can react If you break the substance down, more atoms are exposed and ready to react. Evaluation Considering the lack of material available, I think I was able to manage the experiment fairly enough to produce results. However, I am not pleased with the factors that may or may not have affected my results, and the circumstances in which I had to switch my variables around. Therefore I would like to state a few things I would like to alter, if ever I got the change to do this experiment again. 1. Apparatus 1. Next time, instead of using a stopwatch, I would like to use a digital device, like a laptop for example, that was somehow connected to the glass syringe, which was programmed to record the volume of the gas collected every 5 seconds. This time the graph would turn out the way it should be. 2. Instead of using a measuring cylinder, I would replace it with a burette, as it takes more accurate measurements of liquids. 1. Chemicals Used 1. I would try and used the same element next time; the only difference would be the surface area. For example, if I used magnesium, to study the effects of surface area on the rate of reaction, I would only you magnesium ribbon and magnesium powder. Studying different elements with different reactivity’s would dismiss any data already collected because an element’s position on the reactivity series may also determine the rate of reaction. Use the same element. 1. Amount of People involved in the experiment 1. If I had to do the experiment again, with the same apparatus, I think I would like to have 3 people participating in the collection of data. 1 person would be watching the syringe rise and call out to record whenever it rose, the 2nd person would time it, and the 3rd person would record it. This time, the data may be even more accurate, because no one is taking their eye off the experiment, like I was doing during my experiment just to record data. I feel that altering these aspects of the experiment would increase the level of accuracy, as to get more substantial data to calculate the order of reaction. Unfortunately with the data I have so far, I am unable to derive the concentrations of the substances I had utilized in my experiment. However, as the objective was to investigate whether or not different surface areas affected the rate of the reaction, I think that I have produced enough data to support my theory.

Companies for Social Responsibility Essay Example for Free

Companies for Social Responsibility Essay Whether made in business, politics, science, or sports, most decisions are judged as either right or wrong, ethical or unethical. Regardless of what an individual believes about a particular action, if society judges it to be unethical or wrong, whether correctly or not, that judgment directly affects the organizations ability to achieve its business goals. For this reason alone, it is important to understand business ethics and recognize ethical issues. Ð «ocial responsibility, an organizations obligation to maximize its positive impact on stakeholders and to minimize its negative impact. Philosophers increased their involvement, applying ethical theory and philosophical analysis to structure the discipline of business ethics. Companies became more concerned Bowie contends that when a business also cares about the well-being of stakeholders, it earns trust and cooperation that ultimately reduce costs and increase productivity.24 Much evidence shows that social responsibility, including business ethics, is associated with increased profits The opportunity that employees have for unethical behavior in an organization can be eliminated through formal codes, policies, and rules that are adequately enforced by management. For example, financial companies Company Q is a small local grocery store chain located in a major metropolitan area. They have recently closed a couple of stores in higher-crime-rate areas of the city, reportedly because these two stores were consistently losing money. After years of requests from customers, all of their stores have started offering a very limited amount of health-conscience and organic products—all of which were high margin items. When asked by the area’s food bank for donation of day-old products, management declined deciding instead to throw the food away, citing worries over lost revenues due to possible fraud and stealing by employees who might say they are donating the food. Company Q is a small local grocery store chain. Unfortunately company Q is having a hard time with the idea of social responsibity, which in turn is hurting their business. Let’s first look at the definition of corporate social responsibility. This is a term that means a company big or small tries to maximize its positive impact on, investors, customers and on the community. Now let’s look at why Company Q is low on the evaluate scale of social responsibility. Company Q has three areas that could use some improvements, in the regards to social responsibility. The first one is the donation of the day old products to the community food banks. The community will look bad on the company for just throwing the day-old products out. And there is a way of placing rules and regulations on the employees so the company is not losing profits and having to deal with fraud. The second one is that the company has taken years to respond to their customers asking for health conscience and organic products. And then after finally getting some health option the store only offers limited amounts. Because the company took a long time to respond to their customers need. The consumer thinks that the company really does not care too much on what they need or think. The third one is losing their two stores in a high-crime area that was reportedly losing money. Having two abandoned store does not give the company a good look, it shows stockholders that the company cannot flourish and survive. And also the company’s reputation with their consumers starts to go down, and less people will go to their stores. By seeing just these three areas of company Q’s ethics it is clear that the company is not seeing the big picture on being social responsibly. The company is on the low end of leaving a positive impact on its customers, investor and their community. The company is not responding to the consumers’ needs and wants, in a timely manner and when they do, it is a low end response. The consumer will go somewhere else, and in turn the company will lose money. The community will see that the company does not even try to help to make the area a better place to live. Then what happen are the leaders of the community talk with the people around them about the company and more consumer stop shopping at their stores. If the company help with some charities in the area that the stores are in might get a little bit better and the crime would go down. And finally not looking in to the reasons or trying to find solution on the stores that were having troubles. Evaluate Company Q’s current attitude toward social responsibility. 1. Recommend three areas that could be improved regarding the company’s attitude toward social responsibility. TABLE 2–2 Fortunes Best and Worst Companies for Social Responsibility Best Companies Worst Companies 1.International Paper 2.United Parcel Service 3.Starbucks 4.Fortune Brands 5.Walt Disney 6.McDonalds 7.Medco Health Solutions 8.Herman Miller 9.Weyerhaeuser 10.Union Pacific 1.Constellation Brands 2.WellCare Health Plans 3.Sears Holding* 3.Dana* 5.Federal-Mogul 6.Beazer Homes USA* 6.SC Holdco 3 (Swift Co.)* 8.Dollar General 9.Brown-Forman 10.Delphi There are four levels of social responsibility—economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic—and they can be viewed as steps (see Figure 2–3).34 At the most basic level, companies have an economic responsibility to be profitable so that they can provide a return on investment to their owners and investors, create jobs for the community, and contribute goods and services to the economy. Of course, businesses are also expected to obey all laws and regulations. Business ethics, as previously defined, comprises principles and standards that guide behavior in the world of business. Finally, philanthropic responsibility refers to activities that are not required of businesses but promote human welfare or goodwill. Ethics, then, is one dimension of social responsibility. Reputation is one of an organizations greatest intangible assets with tangible value. The value of a positive reputation is difficult to quantify, but it is very important. A single negative incident can influence perceptions of a corporations image and reputation instantly and for years afterwards. Corporate reputation, image, and brands are more important than ever and are among the most critical aspects of sustaining relationships with constituents including investors, customers, financial analysts, media, and government watchdogs. It takes companies decades to build a great corporate governance. Accountability refers to how closely workplace decisions are aligned with a firms stated strategic direction and its compliance with ethical and legal considerations. Oversight provides a system of checks and balances that limit employees and managers opportunities to deviate from policies and strategies and that prevent unethical and illegal activities. Control is the process of auditing and improving organizational decisions and actions. The stakeholder model of corporate governance adopts a broader view of the purpose of business. Although a company has a responsibility for economic success and viability to satisfy its stockholders, it also must answer to other stakeholders, including employees, suppliers, government regulators, communities, and special interest groups with which it interacts. Due to limited resources, companies must determine which of their stakeholders are primary. Once the primary groups have been identified, managers must then implement the appropriate corporate governance mechanisms to promote the development of long-term relationships.47 This approach entails creating governance systems that consider stakeholder welfare in tandem with corporate needs and interests. The opportunity that employees have for unethical behavior in an organization can be eliminated through formal codes, policies, and rules that are adequately enforced by management. For example, financial companies Thesis Paper Outline Format I. Introduction: In this section, give the reader an idea of why your paper will be important and/or interesting, what you will be arguing, and make the organization of the paper clear to the reader. a. Explanation of purpose and background information (optional): Explain why this topic needs to be written about (may require some background on the topic) b. Thesis statement: A basic statement of your position; your answer to your research question c. Expanded thesis statement: A brief listing of the major points that you will make in your paper, in the order in which you will make them II. Arguments: Each of your main arguments can either argue a point that supports your position, or argue against something you believe is wrong. This is a lengthy paper, so ideally you will have more than three arguments to make. You should make as many as you can. Organize your arguments to flow from one to the next or, ideally, to put your strongest arguments first and last. d. Argument 1 i. Supporting evidence (author, pg. or para. #) ii. More supporting evidence! (author, pg. or para. #) iii. Even more supporting evidence!! (author, pg. or para. #) e. Argument 2 iv. Supporting evidence (author, pg. or para. #) v. More supporting evidence! (author, pg. or para. #) vi. Even more supporting evidence!! (author, pg. or para. #) f. Argument 3 vii. Supporting evidence (author, pg. or para. #) viii. More supporting evidence! (author, pg. or para. #) ix. Even more supporting evidence!! (author, pg. or para. #) III. Conclusion: This section of your paper should summarize and look to the future. g. Acknowledge the opposing side of the argument h. Re-emphasize your own argument by summarizing the main points that you made i. Draw final conclusions about the strength of your position Fictional Outline for a Thesis with Parenthetical Citation in MLA Format I. Introduction a. Background i. The number of flavors of ice cream produced by major companies has quadrupled over the past decade (â€Å"Consumer Choice† 25). ii. People debate which flavor is the best. b. Thesis: High-quality vanilla ice cream remains the best ice cream flavor on the market. c. Expanded thesis: People will continue to enjoy vanilla ice cream more than any other flavor for its simplicity, versatility, and its cultural significance. II. Argument d. Vanilla ice cream is the best because it is simple, yet never boring. iii. Vanilla ice cream can be made with only four ingredients (Breyers 6). iv. In her new book Rachel Ray argues, â€Å"The flavor of vanilla is a simple, yet classic one that goes well with any meal!!!† (43). v. Despite the simplicity of vanilla ice cream, it comes in many different varieties, such as French Vanilla, Vanilla Bean, and other delicious variations (â€Å"Edy’s Ice Cream† par. 6). e. Vanilla ice cream is better than any other flavor because it is versatile. vi. Vanilla can be eaten plain, but also goes well with many different toppings. vii. Vanilla is the most popular base flavor for Blizzards at Dairy Queen (McBurty 56). viii. Vanilla is easily made into a milkshake as well as eaten plain, which is not the case with a flavor like cookie dough (dangerous when sucked through a straw!) (McKay 73). f. Vanilla ice cream has significance in American culture. ix. Chef Julia Child has written, â€Å"Vanilla ice cream is one food that bridges generations. I share it with my children and grandchildren each summer† (16). x. Classic American movies like Back to the Future and Anne of Green Gables have prominently featured vanilla ice cream (â€Å"Ice Cream in the Movies† par. 8). xi. American presidents have served vanilla ice cream at the White House for over 200 years (Clinton 8). xii. Research has found that more Americans prefer vanilla ice cream than any other flavor (â€Å"Gallup Poll† par. 3). III. Conclusion g. Although chocolate is a close second, vanilla reigns supreme. h. Nothing can beat vanilla ice cream’s simplicity, versatility, and cultural significance. i. In the future, others will attempt to beat it. j. Try as they might, no manufacturer can come up with a way to top classic vanilla.

John Keats Romantic Escapist English Literature Essay

John Keats Romantic Escapist English Literature Essay Like all romantic poets, Keats seeks an escape in the past. His imagination is attracted by the  ancient Greeks  as well as by the glory and splendour ofMiddle Ages. He rarely devotes himself to the pressing problems of the present. Hyperion, Endymion and Lamia are all classical in theme, though romantic in style. Keats this finds an escape into the past from the oppressive realities of the present.   Also Keats themes are romantic in nature. Most of his  poetry  is devoted to the quest of beauty. Love, chivalry, adventure, pathos these are some of the themes of his poems. Another strain that runs through his poetry is the constant fear of death, which finds very beautiful expression in his sonnet, When I Have Fears. Another theme of his poetry is disappointment in love, which can be seen in La Belle Dam Sans Merci. Like all romantics, Keats loves nature and its varied charms. He transfigures everything into beauty that he touches with magic hand of chance. He says in Ode to Nightingale,   Tis not through envy of thy happy lot, But being too happy in thine happiness, Beauty is Keats religion and he is very romantic is his frank pursuit of beauty and in that pursuit of beauty, he completely forgets himself and the world around him.   The romantic quality in literature has been defined by Pater as, The addition of strangeness to the beauty. All sorts of poetry deals with beauty in one way or the other, but romantic poetry goes a step ahead and imparts strangeness to the beauty. Keats sees beauty in ordinary things of nature. Earth, to him, is a place of where beauty renews itself everyday, the sky is full of huge cloudy symbols of high romance. Keats loves beauty in the flower, in the stream and in the cloud but he loves it in each thing as a part of Universal Beauty, which is infinite the mighty abstract idea of Beauty. Thou was not born for death, immortal bird The song of the nightingale becomes a symbol of the universal spirit of beauty. The nightingale is, for Keats, the symbol of unlimited joy, infinite happiness and universal spirit of beauty. Pursuit of the unknown, the invisible and infinite inspires the creation of all the romantic poetry of the world. Last but not least, both in terms of diction and metres, Keats poetic style is romantic. Though it has classical finish, it possesses that romantic tough of suggestiveness by which more is meant than meets the ear. Keats has employed various kinds of metres and stanzaforms in his poetic work. He is one of the greatest sonneteers in  English language  and his Odes with their musical flow in long stanzas, stand as unique specimen of romantic poetry. Keats was true romantic poet, because his attention was not only beauty but also truth. He saw beauty in truth and truth in beauty. Beauty is truth, truth beauty, that is all Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know. He persistently endeavoured to reconcile the world of imagination with the world of reality. Therefore, Middleton Murray calls Keats a true romantic. A pure poet feels and expresses his joy in beauty, but when he feels this joy, he realizes also a new aspect of beauty, which is truth. In this identity of beauty and truth, lies the harmony of universe. Keats realizes this harmony when he says that truth and beauty are the same thing. Wordsworth and Shelley both had theories but Keats has none. We cannot accuse Keats of any withdrawal or refusal; he was merely about his business and his business was that of a pure poet. (T. S. Eliot) For Keats, the necessary quality of poetry is submission to the things as they are, without any effort to intellectualize them into something else. Keats often says that the poet must not live for himself, but must feel for others, and must do good, but he must do so by being a poet, not by being a teacher or moralist. There is no didacticism in Keats as there is in Wordsworth. He delivers what he sees; the pleasures of seeing nature and beauty. Where are the songs of Spring? Ay, where are they? Think not of them, thou hast thy music too. At one time he regrets about the songs of Spring and but then he sees the beauties of Autumn and involves himself in them. He instantly forgets the pain of losing songs of Spring and starts admiring Autumn.   The idea of  French revolution  had awakened the youthful passions of both Wordsworth and Coleridge; they had stirred the wrath of Scott; they had worked like yeast on Byron. They had brought forth new matters for Shelley who re-moulded them and turned them into prophecy of the future. There was only one poet, Keats, of that age who they could not affect in any way whatsoever. Keats was so preoccupied with beauty that he turned a blind eye to the actualities of life around him. (Stopeford Brooke) It is true that Keats poetry does not express the revolutionary ideas of his age, but Keats was a pure who expressed in his poetry the most worth while part of himself and it was his vision of beauty, which was also truth to him. If his aim was to pursue beauty, which was also truth to him, he cannot be called an escapist, for in pursuing beauty, he pursued truth.   The poetry of Keats shows a gradual process of development. His earlier experiments in verse are products of youthful imagination, immature and overcharged with imagery. The young poet has abnormal sensibility, but lacks experience of life. Endymion opens with the famous line A thing of beauty is a joy forever, it is full of glorious promise but it is lost in shadows and uncertainties, because it is not based upon experiences of life. In the Odes, Keats poetry assumes a deeper tone. There he faces the sorrows and sufferings of life. He would wish for a life of joy and happiness, like that of nightingale. Fade far away, and quite forget What thou amongst the leaves hast never known, The weariness, the fever, and the fret, There, where men sit and hear each other groan; (Ode to Nightingale) Thus he longed to escape from realities of life, but it was a passing mood that seized him when he was contrasting the lot of man with that of the nightingale. Sorrows and sufferings are inevitable in life and he fully realized that escape from realities of life was neither possible nor desirable. In Hyperion, he wrote: None can usurp the height à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. But those to whom miseries of the world Are miseries, and will not let them rest. In a sonnet, he says: How fevered that man who cannot look Upon his mortal days with temperate blood. Keats was trying to attain serenity of mood in the midst of all the sufferings which he was undergoing in his own life and which he saw all around him. This mood of serenity is expressed in Ode to Autumn, which accordingly to Middleton Murray, The perfect and unforced utterance of the truth contained in the magic words (of Shakespeare): Ripeness is all. For Keats, earlier hankering for the world of Flora and Pan for unreflecting enjoyment of sensuous delights is past; he now subjected himself persistently and unflinchingly to life. He faced life with all uncertainties and contradictions, its sorrows and joys. The lines Where beauty cannot keep her lustrous eyes, Or new love pine at them beyond tomorrow. (Ode to Nightingale) are thrilled with aching hopelessness. In Ode to Melancholy, he says, dwells with beauty beauty that must die Melancholy arises from transience of joy and joy is transient by its nature. Therefore Keats accepts life as a whole with its joys and beauty as well as its sorrows and despair. To quote the words of Middleton Murray about Ode on a Grecian Urn, These lines contain deep wisdom purchase at the full price of deep suffering. They are symbol and prophecy of a comprehension of human life to which mankind can attain. Keats study of Lemprieres Classical Dictionary fully acquainted him with the Greek mythology; and he loved every bit of it, and freely used it in his poetry. The stories of Endymion, Lamia and Hyperion, are based upon Greek legends. In his Ode to Psyche and  Ode on a Grecian Urn, the subjects are Greek, and the poet while expressing his passion for beauty transports himself in his imagination to the days of ancient Greeks. But the most important factor is Keats Hellenism was his own Greek temper the inborn temperamental Greekness of his mind. The power of seeing things with a childs amazement and forgetfulness was the temper of Keats, as it was the temper of Greeks i.e.; half-worship added half-joy. The instinctive Greekness of Keats mind lies in his passionate pursuit of beauty, which is the very soul of his poetry. His passion for beauty finds a concrete expression in his Ode to Psyche: Yes, I will be thy priest and buld a fane In some untrodden regions of my mind, Where branched thoughts, new grown with pleasant pain Instead of pine shall murmur in the wind. The Greek did not burden their poetry with philosophy or spiritual message. Their poetry was incarnation of beauty, and existed for itself. Similarly, Keats was pure poet. He enjoyed unalloyed pleasure in nature, which for him, did not carry any philosophical or spiritual message. Concluding it, Keats, possesses the qualities of romantic and pure poet he loves nature, which is seen by him with Greek temper. He never thinks about past and future and his only concern is the present time; the present moment of beauty and truth. In his early poetry, one can perceive him as an escapist because there was joy and delight and overcharged imagination because of inexperience youth. But with gradual development of thought and experience, he comes to the conclusion that sorrows and joys are always together; rose cannot be taken without its thrones. One can clearly sees in his Odes that he is not an escapist but he is accepting the realities of life. There is something of the innermost soul of poetry in almost everything he wrote. (Tennyson)

What literary techniques does F. Scott Fitzgerald use to present :: English Literature

What literary techniques does F. Scott Fitzgerald use to present Gatsby's party in Chapter III of the novel The people of 1920's America often lead a very extravagant lifestyle, rich people often overspent in vast amounts, a term known as Conspicuous Consumption. This basically means the rich spend so much and waste their money to such an extent on highly expensive and pointless things, that it actually makes the less fortunate people living in their midst even more poorer then they already are. The richer people of 'The Jazz Age' often wasted time by simply lounging around and getting drunk, having nothing better to do. This was due to the fact that many rich people had more or less done everything that there was to be done and had achieved everything they wanted in life, therefore becoming bored with life, so they wasted their vast fortunes showing off with expensive merchandise, throwing lush parties and going out every night. However the vast amounts of spending through this time soon came to an end, with the Wall Street crash just as Fitzgerald had predicted. The chapter opens up with a very descriptive and detailed introduction given to us by Nick. He seems to give us a lavish description of one of Gatsby's summer night parties, Nick seems to be looking on from his house watching the party in his usual voyeuristic fashion. It's possible that he's maybe slightly envious of the guests, possibly wishing to be there himself; it seems to give the reader that impression as the chapter goes on. This could be a good reason for the extra amount of descriptiveness. Nick also uses a simile at the start: "In his blue gardens men and girls came and went like months among the whisperings and the champagne and the stars." The term 'whisperings' could be referring to the guests usual gossiping of their host, another interesting quote shows that it's possible his parties can last for a very long time and is also a perfect example of Nicks excessive use of description: "at high tide in the afternoon I watched his guests diving from the tower o his raft, or taking the sun on the hot sand of his beach while his two-motor boats slit the waters of the sound, drawing aquaplanes over cataracts of foam." This also shows Gatsby's immense wealth. During the build up to the party, Nick sees a variety of events taking place, these events help display the sheer amount of money and extravagance that Gatsby must put into these parties, for example: " Every Friday five crates of oranges and lemons arrived from a What literary techniques does F. Scott Fitzgerald use to present :: English Literature What literary techniques does F. Scott Fitzgerald use to present Gatsby's party in Chapter III of the novel The people of 1920's America often lead a very extravagant lifestyle, rich people often overspent in vast amounts, a term known as Conspicuous Consumption. This basically means the rich spend so much and waste their money to such an extent on highly expensive and pointless things, that it actually makes the less fortunate people living in their midst even more poorer then they already are. The richer people of 'The Jazz Age' often wasted time by simply lounging around and getting drunk, having nothing better to do. This was due to the fact that many rich people had more or less done everything that there was to be done and had achieved everything they wanted in life, therefore becoming bored with life, so they wasted their vast fortunes showing off with expensive merchandise, throwing lush parties and going out every night. However the vast amounts of spending through this time soon came to an end, with the Wall Street crash just as Fitzgerald had predicted. The chapter opens up with a very descriptive and detailed introduction given to us by Nick. He seems to give us a lavish description of one of Gatsby's summer night parties, Nick seems to be looking on from his house watching the party in his usual voyeuristic fashion. It's possible that he's maybe slightly envious of the guests, possibly wishing to be there himself; it seems to give the reader that impression as the chapter goes on. This could be a good reason for the extra amount of descriptiveness. Nick also uses a simile at the start: "In his blue gardens men and girls came and went like months among the whisperings and the champagne and the stars." The term 'whisperings' could be referring to the guests usual gossiping of their host, another interesting quote shows that it's possible his parties can last for a very long time and is also a perfect example of Nicks excessive use of description: "at high tide in the afternoon I watched his guests diving from the tower o his raft, or taking the sun on the hot sand of his beach while his two-motor boats slit the waters of the sound, drawing aquaplanes over cataracts of foam." This also shows Gatsby's immense wealth. During the build up to the party, Nick sees a variety of events taking place, these events help display the sheer amount of money and extravagance that Gatsby must put into these parties, for example: " Every Friday five crates of oranges and lemons arrived from a

The Human Genome Project :: essays research papers

Marshall, Elizabeth L. The Human Genome Project: Cracking The Code Within Us.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  New York, New York: Franklin Watts, 1996. 1-128.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Elizabeth L. Marshall was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota. She grew up in areas of southern California, and in parts of New York City. She lives in Columbus, Ohio, and is currently married and has two daughters. She attended and graduated from the University of Virginia with a B.A. in English. She then graduated from the University of Pittsburgh with a Master of Fine Arts degree in fictional writing. She has worked form several scientific journals and magazines and is a member of the National Association of Science Writers. She has also written several well known books including Conquering Infertility: Medical Challenges and Moral Dilemmas, and High-Tech Harvest.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I chose this book because it seemed like an interesting topic, and because I thought it might help me understand more things about DNA. Someone else who read it said that it had a lot to do with the things we covered in class too so I figured it would be as good a choice as any.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This book is about the amazing task of mapping and showing all the sequences of the thousands and thousands of genes in the human body. The book is split up into nine chapters each of which covers a different aspect of this incredible project. The book tells all about almost every aspect of the project. It tells all about the project and what the point is, what has been accomplished so far, and when they expect it to be finished. According to the introduction the project is actually expected to be finished sometime this year.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first chapter starts off with the basic structure of DNA and describes how the base pairing of each nucleotide creates each amino acid, which when all put together create a strand of DNA. It also gives an idea of who is working on the project. She lists several major cities where the project is being worked on and then goes on to explain how between all these different teams, who are all working on some different aspect of the project, there are also anywhere from 200 to 400 other smaller teams all around the country working on it. The next chapter is about chromosome 18, and how a slight mistake in it can cause things like mental retardation and deafness, and what they are trying to do to help stop or fix chromosome 18 deletion syndrome.

sr :: essays research papers

roject net income they believe will impress top management but could be perceived by their key employees as unattainable. Such an unrealistic target could discourage rather than motivate the operating unit employees. Targets must be clearly understood. It is critical that bonus participants participate in the setting of bonus targets. Their views and suggestions should be given serious consideration. When their suggestions are rejected or modified, the reasons should be clearly communicated. Misunderstandings concerning the bonus targets create unproductive time spent in discussions and demoralized employees who believe that they are being treated unfairly. Periodically communicate the outlook for bonuses. To maximize the motivational value of the program, the financial staff of each operating unit should periodically communicate the current outlook for annual bonuses to bonus participants. This is accomplished by comparing a forecast of the bonus criteria with the bonus targets. Using the forecasted percentage of bonus earned for the unit, each participant can forecast his or her bonus. A review of the key actions necessary to accomplish or exceed the forecast should be included in this periodic bonus update. This can be a very strong motivational tool, because the bonus participants have an identifiable personal stake in the accomplishment of these actions. Many companies include a bonus update in their regularly scheduled operating review. Resolve bonus problems early. One way to accomplish this is to periodically update the outlook for bonuses for each operating unit. Strong lines of communication are beneficial to both operating units and corporate staff. One of the benefits of a bonus update is early identification of problems, which require action on the part of senior management. By identifying problems in the bonus program as the year unfolds, it is possible to take prompt action, minimizing damage. If the bonus criteria have not been clearly stated, they should be modified with the participation of unit and senior management. Pay bonuses as soon as feasible. A bonus can represent a significant portion of a key employee's compensation. This serves the purpose of getting his or her attention, which is a double-edged sword. The focus of attention should be the future, but for many employees the current year is not their chief concern until the previous year's bonus is paid. Delays in paying bonuses may create apprehension and tension which are counterproductive. If bonuses for the prior year cannot be paid within the first month of the New Year, some of the positive impact of the bonus program is lost. sr :: essays research papers roject net income they believe will impress top management but could be perceived by their key employees as unattainable. Such an unrealistic target could discourage rather than motivate the operating unit employees. Targets must be clearly understood. It is critical that bonus participants participate in the setting of bonus targets. Their views and suggestions should be given serious consideration. When their suggestions are rejected or modified, the reasons should be clearly communicated. Misunderstandings concerning the bonus targets create unproductive time spent in discussions and demoralized employees who believe that they are being treated unfairly. Periodically communicate the outlook for bonuses. To maximize the motivational value of the program, the financial staff of each operating unit should periodically communicate the current outlook for annual bonuses to bonus participants. This is accomplished by comparing a forecast of the bonus criteria with the bonus targets. Using the forecasted percentage of bonus earned for the unit, each participant can forecast his or her bonus. A review of the key actions necessary to accomplish or exceed the forecast should be included in this periodic bonus update. This can be a very strong motivational tool, because the bonus participants have an identifiable personal stake in the accomplishment of these actions. Many companies include a bonus update in their regularly scheduled operating review. Resolve bonus problems early. One way to accomplish this is to periodically update the outlook for bonuses for each operating unit. Strong lines of communication are beneficial to both operating units and corporate staff. One of the benefits of a bonus update is early identification of problems, which require action on the part of senior management. By identifying problems in the bonus program as the year unfolds, it is possible to take prompt action, minimizing damage. If the bonus criteria have not been clearly stated, they should be modified with the participation of unit and senior management. Pay bonuses as soon as feasible. A bonus can represent a significant portion of a key employee's compensation. This serves the purpose of getting his or her attention, which is a double-edged sword. The focus of attention should be the future, but for many employees the current year is not their chief concern until the previous year's bonus is paid. Delays in paying bonuses may create apprehension and tension which are counterproductive. If bonuses for the prior year cannot be paid within the first month of the New Year, some of the positive impact of the bonus program is lost.

Fedex Operation Mangement

The organization’s name and main line of business: FEDEX Corporations – Logistics 2. Specific type of operation: Air and Ground Delivery Specializing in Next Day Delivery 3. Describe the nature of operations process given your newfound understanding of operation management and productivity: a. Service and product design: i. Supply Chain management ii. Next Day Delivery Services b. Quality management – Customer oriented business â€Å"People First Philosophy† c.Process and capacity – use of available technologies (web based tracking system) to enable customers real time access to information related to their packages to increase customer satisfaction; task employees to think of innovation as part of their day to day job d. Location – sites located locally and globally (over 220 countries) e. Layout and design – operated and owed independently f. Job Design : based on parcel shipping through ground and air, e-commerce and business servic es g.Supply Chain Management: h. Inventory Management: use improved – technology function to meet its goals i. Scheduling: 24 hour shipping operation globally 4. Maintenance: Owns and operates and maintains over 90K ground vehicles; 663 aircrafts in more than 375 airports 5. Global Strategy of the Organization FEDEX is the embodiment of operation management. The company started out as shipping company in 1971 to a multibillion dollar corporation with current revenue of $42. 7 billion in the current fiscal year.Originally FEDEX started with freight delivery through ground and air which expanded to four divisions FEDEX Express, Ground, Freight, and Services. FEDEX success in today’s business due to their diligence in addressing Basic Management Functions – planning, organizing, staffing, leading and controlling as well as addressing the ten critical decisions associated with a very successful business. FEDEX CEO and founder Mr. Fred Smith planning his organization from fledgling company offering delivery of small packages and documents to approximately 25 cities in the United States.His efficient ideas of outlining delivery service in the computer information age was outstanding not only did his idea went to fruition became FEDEX blue print for success. He organized his corporation by having locally owned company can concentrated on specific needs of that area through FEDEX business practice not only minimize staffing overhead, it also gave the independent companies the flexibility they need without losing control of core principles is a great example of successful and triumphant Corporation in the modern era.FEDEX address their ten critical decision areas by incorporating it through their mission, strategies and values. Their customer centric mission â€Å"People First Philosophy† embodies their service and product design. Their process and capacity is addressed again through customer satisfaction by utilizing modern technology such as the internet to give real time in-transit information on their packages and tasking the employees to think of innovative ways to operate as part of their day to day job is a great example of empowerment to improve the work place resulting in efficient ways to operate.Independently owned and operated sites are another way to save money in lower overhead cost. This also allows the site to concentrate on the particular requirements of the customers in that area. FEDEX is in the forefront of a successful business because of how they employ and use operation management techniques and addressing the ten critical decision areas through their mission, strategies and values that centers on employees and customers.

Basement

3 cellar 3 Basement 1 Quick revision 1. 1 Problems arising from root cellar pull a. jibe mode. b. Surface and drop anchor piddle promise c. Lateral stability of cellar mining. d. stability of adjoining building. 1. 2 Ground urine system control dewate evade a. break Sump Pumping b. wellpoint form. c. Sh get out-Bored Well System d. Deep-Bored Well System 1. 3 Basement slam a. Open excavation b. Sheet agglomerate coffer Supported with raking struts Supported with struts and walings Supported with landed estate anchors Ground support and demonstrate water control for deep excavation truncated off striaings c. hack fixed diaphrage d. Mixed in place ring e. Ground treatment f. tirade pneumatic caisson g. Diaphrage sea surround 1/11 3 cellar 2. Cut-off palisadeings 2. 1 thin out grouted pessary A series of touching cosmopolitan beams or tugs ar impelled into the do of import to the required perspicaciousness. A grout nip pipe is fixed to the web t he naval division and this is connected to a group substance at the ground. As the sections are retreat the void created is change with cement grout to form the thin membrane. This is a non-structural rampart and services only as a cut-off paries. It is uitable sub footing of silt, sand and gravel. 2. 2 Thin grouted pessary (Source R. Chudley) Mixed-in-place wall A pickle churn drill is drilled into the ground. usurpation grout is pumped through the labor kelly bar during the drilling operation. When the required depth is r individuallyed, the auger rotation is reversed and move while grout snap continues. The grout is thus mixed with the existing injury to form a mixed-in-place weed. The above mathematical do is repeated with the scores being tramp against each other until the whole wall is make. Mixed-in-place skunk (Source Jufri & Wellmen) /11 3 root cellar 2. 3 Ground treatment The study disadvantage of pumping is ca using settlement of border ground. In urban areas, settlement would just affect the stability of adjacent properties. In this situation, grouting method roll in the hay be utilize to control ground water. The basic method is to inject the priming coat or judder with fluids which, on setting, seal or sl alter the permeability of the material. There are different types of grouts. The choice of grouts, the pattern and spacing of the guessing pipes will depend upon the particle sizes of the soil or the size of fissures in the rock.Cement Grouting (Source R. Chudley) 2. 3. 1 Cement grouting Cement grout is fitting for injecting into coarse materials which bewilder a highschool permeability. This method not only support form an impermeable barrier to ground water but also change integrity loose soils which prevents from collapsing during excavation. It is usual to commence grouting with a batch of thin grout and hence to increase the viscosity of the grout as the process continues, by cut the water-cement ratio . The grout used may be self-possessed of neat cement grout, or a mixture of cement and 3/11 3 wine cellar sand in the ratio of 1 4.The adding of sand stifles the court of material but it also reduces the workability. On the other hand, pulverized fuel ash (PFA) may be used to commute part of the cement (up to 50%) to reduce the cost of the material. The spherical particle manikin of PFA improves the flow quality of the grout without reducing its strength. 2. 3. 2 Bentonite grouting Bentonite grouting is used in ground conditions where the particles of the soil are too delicate for cement grouting. While bentonite grout adds bittie strength to the soil, it has a high foe to water flow and in that locationfore produces an glorious barrier.Bentonite is produced from montmorillionite clay, which has thixotropic properties when it coagulates it forms a gel, and if mixed with certain additives, such as Portland cement or water-soluble silicates, the barrier formed will be permanent. 2. 3. 3 Chemical grouting There are deuce main processes of chemical grouting one-shot and 2 shot. In the two-shot process, pipes are driven into the ground at around 600 mm centres, and the first chemical, normally sodium silicate, is injected. This is followed straightaway by the injection of the second chemical, atomic number 20 chloride.The reaction between the two chemicals is immediate, resulting in a tough, insoluble silica-gel. The process gives large strength to the soil and not bad(p)ly reduces its permeability. Two-shot process for chemical grouting 4/11 3 root cellar The two-shot process has been largely superseded by the one-shot process, which consists of mixing together prior to injection two chemicals whose gel time screwing be sufficiently delayed to forgo full penetration of the soil onwards gel occurs. The extent of the delay drop be accurately controlled by alter the proportions of the two chemicals.The extra time usable for placing this g rout allows wider spacing of the boreholes. 4. 2. 6 orotund cofferdam Steel sheet pile cofferdams may be arranged in circular shape in plan. Circular cofferdams may be supported with ring walings. The walings are subject to tangential make and act as a continual arch. Thus transverse struts are not required. Large diameter circular cofferdams may be formed of cover full point wall and reinforced with ring cover beam. The advantage of this method is that it proposes a stool excavation un-hampered by struts. However, the method is certified to circular shape.Circular cofferdam support with ring walings Basement tress of IFC 5/11 3 basement 5 midriff Walls Diaphragm walling describes the kink of continuous concrete walls into the ground. The process, sometimes called the slurry chuck method, involves the excavation of a narrow infringe to the required depth which supported with bentonite slurry. The trench is thus filled with concrete to form the wall. fixion of chec k wall 5. 1 Advantages of using diaphragm walls for basement construction 1. The process of constructing the wall is relatively quiet and has little vibration. . The wall can be constructed to a great depth. 3. The wall admits temporary ground supports during excavation hence expensive bracework is eliminated or minimized. 4. The wall provides a good water cut-off no dewatering is required and hence has little set up on adjacent structure. 5. The wall serves twain as external wall for the basement and the knowledgeability for the superstructure. 6. For deep basement, diaphragm walling is much economical than using steel pelt cofferdam. 6/11 3 basement 5. 2 Method of construction of concrete diaphragm wall 1. A allowance trench, 1 to 1. m deep and with a width gibe to the wall burdensomeness plus 300 mm is excavated. 2. The trench is lined on both sides with cl mm thick in-situ concrete. (The linings provide a guide for the grab and protect the slide by of the excavation from collapse. ) 3. The wall is separate into to bloodsheds. The width of each decorate is intimately 4. 5 to 7 m. The sequence of construction for the panels is in an alternatively way. That is, an intermediate panel is excavated after panels on its both sides have been seethe. 4. The trench is then filled with bentonite slurry from a large storage tank ahead excavation.Excavation is through with(p) by a grab. During excavation, it is primary(prenominal) to maintain the slurry level at about(predicate) 0. 5 m below the top of the trench. (The function of the bentonite is to prevent the ingress of water and soil into the trench. ) Excavation is continued until the open is reached. 5. Stop end pipes of diameter equal the wall thickness are fixed at both ends of the panel. A sustenance cage is pass uped through the bentonite and panel is cast with tremie concrete. The displaced bentonite is recovered, agonistical to remove the soil particles and then stored for succee ding(a) use. 6.When the concrete has set, the await end pipes are removed. Semi-circular sockets are formed which provide key for the adjacent panels. 7. promote panels of the diaphragm wall are then formed in a uniform manner until the wall is completed. 5. 3 formed cover Diaphragm Walls Diaphragm walls can also be formed with formed concrete panels. The construction sequence is 1. A perimeter trench, lined on both sides with concrete walls, is prepared. 7/11 3 basement 2. The trench is filled with bentonite slurry and excavated with a grab. During excavation, the slurry level is maintained at about 0. m below the top of the trench. Excavation is continued until the founding is reached. 3. Cement grout is introduced to the bottom of the trench with a spreader. The displaced bentonite is recovered, strained to remove the soil particles and then stored for future use. 4. Precast posts or panels are inserted into the trench to form the wall 5. When the grout has set, it seals t he joints of the precast panels effectively, and the diaphragm wall is formed. Precast concrete Diaphragm Wall Precast Concrete Diaphragm Wall (Source R. Holmes) (Source R. Holmes) 8/11 3 basement 6 spend pile wallSince the wall of a basement must be watertight, if a pass pile wall is used as a basement wall, the piles of the wall will be constructed to overlap with each other. This type of wall is also called sec pile wall. The overlapping is about one hundred twenty to 200 mm. It is cut by a hydraulic actuated type fitted with a cutting ring at the lower end. The cutting must be done within one or two days after the concrete has been cast to prevent it become to hard. second pile wall Alternatively, the piles of the wall are cast contiguous. Boreholes are drill at the joints of the piles which cut the edges of the piles. The boreholes are then filled ith bentonite-cement grout to seal the joints. Secant pile wall (Source R. Chudley) 9/11 3 basement 7 top- rout Basement bec omeion It is to construct the basement in the downward direction to the last(a) levels of the basement. The sequence of work is as follows1. Construct the permanent basement wall using diaphragm wall or pass piles wall. 2. Construct bored piles with temporary steel casings as the founding of the basement. The cut-off level of the piles is at the final basement level. 3. Place steel columns wrong the steel casings of the bore piles from the foundation level up to the ground level. . Backfill the shafts with amyloid material to hold the steel columns. 5. Construct the ground floor slab supported on the steel columns and the diaphragm walls. (This slab provides a running(a) platform for superstructure construction and acts as the askant support for the basement excavation. ) Access commencement in this slab shall be provided for further excavation. 6. bring out beneath the ground floor slab down to next basement floor soffit. 7. Cut the steel casing, remove the gravel and le t out the steel column. 8. Cast the second basement slab. The slab is connected to the columns with shear studs and connected the diaphragm wall with dowels) 9. Repeat the process for the accompanying basement floors until down to the final basement slab. The top-down method provides the following main advantages1. Superstructure can be constructed at the corresponding time as the basement construction takes place and therefore the overall construction time is reduced. 2. Temporary and permanent plant are combined and therefore there is no need for extensive steel temporary kit and caboodle. 3. Stiff rigid walls allow an almost watertight construction and basement construction to great depth.These stiff walls provide at the same time a limitation to ground movement. 10/11 3 basement Steel casing infilled with granular material Steel column on top of bored pile Reference Control of groundwater for temporary works (1986), S. H. Somerville, CIRCA verbalism Technology (1987), R. C hudley, Longman Building Construction Handbook (1992), R. Chudley, Newnes Introduction to well-behaved applied science Construction (1985), R. Holmes, College of Estate Management Civil Engineering Construction IV (1991), S. A. R. Jufri & R. J. Wellmen, Hong Kong polytechnic 11/11